Long overdue check-in

I recently got a note from a member of one of the Hep C forums asking me to check in. As I had pointed out in the past, those of us fortunate enough to see SVR often disappear. Consequently, treatment veterans on the boards tend to be those who have relapsed. That skewing of the sample can be discouraging to those who are going through treatment. So, I paid a visit. I had nearly forgotten the vocabulary list below. I wrote it while on treatment and they posted it at the top of the board.

There's been some kind of rift within the two major UK-based Hep C boards. Not having a dog in that hunt, and having friends in both places, I herewith ignore it.

Anyway, here's the list:

Hep C Vocabulary

acetaminophen -- North American generic name for paracetamol. British and other European countries trade name Panadol.

AD -- Anti-depressants. Depression can be a significant side-effect of treatment. Hepatitis C patients often take anti-depressants to counteract the side effects.

ALT -- Alanine aminotransferase. One of the markers for liver inflammation. Typical (non-HEP C) values: Men--10 to 32 IU/L, Women--9 to 24 IU/L. The normal range is 5-40 IU/L, although the numbers can vary.

AST -- Aspartate aminotransferase. One of the markers for liver inflammation. Typical (non-HEP C) value 8 to 20 IU/L, although the numbers can vary.

bx -- Biopsy. Broadly, a diagnostic tissue sample. In this forum it almost alway means a needle biopsy of the liver. A thin needle is inserted into the liver and a small piece examined microscopically. From the biopsy a determination is made of the extent of liver damage. Results of the biopsy are expressed as the HAI score (see HAI score below.

dx -- Diagnosis. In the context of this forum, it specifically means the Hep C diagnosis. Diagnosis is not necessarily the same thing as being positive for antibodies. A certain percentage of people clear the virus and so their diagnosis is negative, even though they have and will continue to have the antibodies.

EVR -- Enhanced Viral Response. A treatment milestone, usually meaning that virus levels have dropped to a point where there is a good chance of a cure.

genotype or type -- Strain of the hepatitis C virus. Several strains or genotypes have been identified. The identification is a number, sometimes followed by a letter. The difference between the letter subtypes is generally academic. There is no difference to a patient whether he or she has type 1a or 1b, it's still a 48-week ride. Genotype 2 and 3 are usually treated for 24 weeks, although some doctors go longer given medical history. Genotype 4 is rare outside the Mideast, although it is widespread in Egypt. It is treated for 48 weeks like Type 1. There are rumblings of more Genotypes out there, but for the patient, the details of the differences are probably academic. It's the same program -- so far.

HAI Score -- Histology Activity Index. A standard system of grading the level of inflammation and scarring in the liver based on a biopsy sample. The HAI score is expressed as two numbers between zero and four. One is given for the level of inflammation, the other for the level of scarring.

HCV -- Hepatitis C Virus. A blood-borne viral pathogen that causes Hepatitis C. Probably the reason you're reading this.

HGB -- Haemoglobin/Hemoglobin. The red part of red blood cells. Part of the Complete Blood Count numbers. Ribavirin tends to depress hemoglobin counts which results in anaemia/anemia.

Howdjuhgiddit? -- "How did you get it?" A rude question. Sometimes asked innocently by well-meaning people, sometimes asked by the morbidly curious who want to know whether you're a closet junkie. How you answer can depend on your mood, your threshold of rudeness, and your willingness to share your medical history.

hx -- History. This is medical chart abbreviation that occasionally makes it into the forum. It is also what people are asking for when they ask Howdjuhgiddit?

ifx or ifn -- Interferon. There are two major brands. Pegasys, manufactured by Roche, and Peg-Intron, manufactured by Schering. Both products are about equally effective, although anecdotal evidence indicates that where one is not effective, the other might work better.

LFT -- Liver Function Test. A blood test that measures various liver-related enzymes in the blood. Also sometimes called a Liver Panel.

neutrophil or "neuts" -- A type of white blood cell. Neutrophils are critical for fighting bacterial infections such as staph or strep. Interferon tends to depress production of neutrophils.

paracetamol -- British generic name for acetaminophen, North American trade name Tylenol.

PCR -- Polymerase Chain Reaction. A test for presence of the hepatitis C virus. There are two types of tests. The "qualititatve" test is a yes/no determination of whether the virus is present or not. The "quantitative" test estimates virus particles per milliliter of blood.

RBC -- Red Blood Count. A measure of red blood cells or haemoglobin/hemoglobin. Normal values are Male: 13-17 (g/dl) Female: 12-16 (g/dl). Values below 10 are cause for concern.

riba -- Ribavirin. An anti-viral drug that has been found to enhance the effectiveness of interferon in fighting the hepatitis C virus.

RVR -- Rapid Viral Response. An inordinately early negative result to a four-week PCR. When the virus is undetectable at four weeks, some doctors call that patient a "super-responder." It might make the patient a candidate for shortened treatment, but RVR status is only one of many factors to be considered. At the very least, it's good news.

Rx -- (Chiefly American) Medical shorthand for Prescription

score-- See HAI Score

SVR -- Sustained Virological Response. The goal of treatment. A medical hedge word used when they don't want to say "cured." A negative PCR six months after treatment is considered an SVR in the UK and US.

sx or sides -- Side Effects. Side effects from treatment can range from none to mild to debilitating. Effects can be mental such as "brain fog," or difficulty concentrating, emotional, such as depression, irritability, physical such as fatigue, headache, "flu" symptoms, or clinically measured such as low white blood cell counts. No one can predict when, if, or how long side effects will appear.

sux -- What sides do.

type -- See genotype.

TV or telly-- Television. Something you will be watching a lot of while you are on tx. Other terms and acronyms you may become familiar with during this period are DVD, VHS, CBS, ABC, NBC, HBO, CBC, BBC, and Tivo.

TX -- Texas. Postal abbreviation for the State of Texas. Not to be confused with tx (lowercase) which see below.

tx -- Treatment. Specifically the 24 or 48-week combination therapy usually consisting of once-weekly subcutaneous interferon shots and twice-daily ribavirin tablets.

undetectable -- The positively great news that the PCR test is negative. The virus, if it is present at all, is in such low concentrations that the test can't find it.

VL -- Viral Load. The presence of the virus in the blood, usually expressed in number of particles per milliliter of blood. Determined via a quantitative PCR.

WBC -- White blood count. A measure of white blood cells in the bloodstream. Interferon can depress white blood cells. Normal range is usually expressed as a number between 4 - 11, but the decimal point can move with your location.